Protein-rich foods, including animal and plant-based proteins can also vary
enormously in their quality and their implications for our long-term health. Proteins are often said to act as building blocks for the lean tissues in our bodies. But they serve many other
important functions in body regulation, supportive immune function and a variety
of other roles in our physiology.
There are 20 types of amino acids needed to fulfill all of these functions, but only nine of them are essential. Meaning that our bodies can't make enough of them, so we rely on getting these from our food. In general, animal sources of protein like fish and eggs provide all of the essential amino acids in high enough concentrations that these foods are called complete protein sources. In contrast, plant based protein sources like beans, lentils, nuts and tofu tend to be incomplete sources of protein. It might seem that since plant-based proteins are incomplete in their nutrient content that they're nutritionally inferior compared with animal-based proteins. But in fact the health benefits of substituting plant-based proteins for animal-based ones, ideally a few days a week, this far outweighs the risk of falling short on essential amino acids.
Plant-based proteins can be combined with other foods to provide a complete amino acid profile. In fact, many traditional food combinations like black beans or rice and lentils are based on the principle of combining complementary proteins. Meals that contain vegetarian sources of protein also contain more fiber and less fat, especially saturated fat, than meals that feature animal based protein. And even though saturated fat may not be as harmful as
we once thought, it can still contribute to elevated levels of LDL cholesterol if we
eat too much of it. So moderating our intake of red meat, for example, is still a sensible idea. Studies have shown that people who eat lots of plant food eat a plant based diet, tend to have much better health, and better longevity than people who eat a heavy meat diet. So, if you're thinking of trying a low carb, high protein diet, it's important to pay attention to the
kinds of proteins that are being consumed, and in what quantities.
A diet high in animal protein, especially if it's poor quality animal protein, like processed
meat or high fat cuts of meat, this kind of diet can be harmful to our health even if
it leads to weight loss in a short term. Processed meats often contain nitrates used as a
preservative, which can damage blood vessels and contribute to hardening of the arteries.
These meats also tend to be very high in sodium, which can be a contributor to high blood pressure. The most sensible diets are usually those that encourage us to eat moderate amounts of high quality protein foods. These should come from a variety of different sources, including some fish if possible.
As well as plenty of vegetarian sources of protein that are combined for completeness.
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